Grandiose narcissism: this is characterised by an inflated sense of self-importance, entitlement and a longing for attention and admiration from others. Those with grandiose narcissism can be perceived as charismatic and charming, though they often lack empathy, and have an increased sense of entitlement.
Vulnerable narcissism: people with vulnerable narcissism can be sensitive to perceived slights or criticism and have an intense need for approval and validation from others. They have a deep-seated fear of rejection and have a tendency to withdraw or become defensive.
Malignant narcissism: the characteristics of a malignant narcissist are a combination of both grandiose and antisocial personality traits. These include a lack of empathy, a tendency towards manipulation and exploitation, and would be capable of harming others in order to reach their own goals.
Covert narcissism: this is characterised by the use of passive-aggressive behaviour such as giving ‘the silent treatment’ or withholding attention as a way to control or manipulate others. They may appear outwardly humble or self-deprecating, but they have a deep sense of superiority or entitlement.
Communal narcissist: those with communal narcissism have the desire to be seen as philanthropic, self-sacrificing or morally superior to others, using these activities as a way of seeking admiration or attention.